二叉树遍历的通用写法
二叉树的前中后序遍历的通用写法。
使用一个栈模拟遍历的操作。
首先声明树的结构体和命令的结构体
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| struct TreeNode { int val; TreeNode* left; TreeNode* right; TreeNode(int x) { val=x; left=NULL; right=NULL; } }; struct Command { string s; TreeNode* node; Command(string s,TreeNode* node):s(s),node(node){} };
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Command 结构体有两个成员,分别是执行的操作和执行的节点。
在前序遍历中,知道每到达一个节点,先打印这个节点,然后遍历左节点,然后遍历右节点,所以将这三条命令推入栈中,因为是栈,所以先推入遍历右节点的命令,然后推入遍历左节点的命令,最后再推入打印当前节点的命令。
后序遍历和中序遍历就只需要更改else中推入三条命令的顺序就可以了。
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| 前序遍历 vector<int> preorder(TreeNode* root) { vector<int> res; if(root==NULL) { return res; } stack<Command> stack; stack.push(Command("go",root)); while(!stack.empty()) { Command command =stack.top(); stack.pop(); if(command.s=="print") { res.push_back(command.node->val); } else { assert(command.s=="go"); if(command.node->right) { stack.push(Command("go",command.node->right)); } if(command.node->left) { stack.push(Command("go",command.node->left)); } stack.push(Command("print",command.node)); } } return res; }
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| 中序遍历 vector<int> inorder(TreeNode* root) { vector<int> res; if(root==NULL) { return res; } stack<Command> stack; stack.push(Command("go",root)); while(!stack.empty()) { Command command =stack.top(); stack.pop(); if(command.s=="print") { res.push_back(command.node->val); } else { assert(command.s=="go"); if(command.node->right) { stack.push(Command("go",command.node->right)); } stack.push(Command("print",command.node)); if(command.node->left) { stack.push(Command("go",command.node->left)); } } } return res; }
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| 后序遍历 vector<int> postorder(TreeNode* root) { vector<int> res; if(root==NULL) { return res; } stack<Command> stack; stack.push(Command("go",root)); while(!stack.empty()) { Command command =stack.top(); stack.pop(); if(command.s=="print") { res.push_back(command.node->val); } else { assert(command.s=="go"); stack.push(Command("print",command.node)); if(command.node->right) { stack.push(Command("go",command.node->right)); } if(command.node->left) { stack.push(Command("go",command.node->left)); } } } return res; }
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